Your email address will not be published. Quinoa can be found in red, white, black and tri color varieties. Quinoa is one of my all-time favorite grains and is used often in my kitchen. Place the lid on. You need about 1/4 cup less. The pressure cooker cuts down the cooking time drastically, which makes this a quick weeknight meal. (Really you just want a cup and a half of liquid. Add the water, and tap the quinoa from the strainer into the pressure cooker - being careful to remove any stray quinoa from the lip of the pot. The pressure cooker cuts down the cooking time drastically, which makes this a quick weeknight meal. Learn how to cook quinoa in a pressure cooker that works every time. Put the lid on, set the cook time for 5 minutes, natural pressure. This amazing and creamy wild mushroom quinoa risotto recipe is super easy, vegetarian and is made with leeks & green peas for great color & flavor. How much dry quinoa do I need for 2 cups cooked? Let thaw before using. We used our new Mealthy MultiPot version 2.0 – 6 QT pressure cooker. Pressure cook: Place the quinoa, water and any seasonings in the bottom of the Instant Pot insert. Quinoa: The Super Grain . Add the rinsed quinoa (1 cup), stir to coat. Quinoa Side Dish is infused with orange, cinnamon, and fresh herbs, and studded with carrots, raisins, and walnuts. This Mediterranean quinoa recipe is easy to make on the stove or in an Instant Pot pressure cooker. This 1-minute method is a quick, easy, and foolproof way to cook quinoa in the Instant Pot.. Rinse quinoa in a fine mesh strainer under cold water for 1 minute, or until liquid almost runs clear.. Add quinoa, water or broth, butter or oil, and salt to a 6-quart Instant Pot.. Cover Instant Pot with the lid and move the pressure … Measure quinoa accurately using the measuring cup that came with your rice cooker and add to the inner cooking pan. Rinse the quinoa with water really well in a fine, mesh sieve to remove the natural coating. With the whole ingredients in the pressure cooker, stir then seal the lid and set it to the high-pressure mode. Let natural release for 12 – 15 minutes. This website uses cookies to improve your experience, you can opt-out if you wish. And now you are ready to use this nutritious and versatile ingredient! The chili powder and cumin added great flavor, and the turmeric gave it a nice color and aromatic scent. Quinoa increases in volume about 3 times when it’s cooked. Select Manual/Pressure Cook to cook on high pressure for 1 minute*. If you have a standard rice cooker with a simple on/off setting: Add the quinoa and water (plus salt, … SHOP     SUBSCRIBE   |   RECIPE INDEX, © 2019 THE SIMPLE VEGANISTA | A VEGAN FOOD BLOG. Quinoa is an ancient grain … Add the tomatoes, vegetable broth, quinoa, beans, corn and spices to the pot. Press the Rice button, or manually set the pressure … Press the Rice button, or manually set the pressure … Close the lid and set pressure vent to Sealing. Many recipes for cooking quinoa call for two parts water to one part quinoa, a ratio that was determined by importers when quinoa first started becoming popular in this country. Quinoa is pressure cooked with liquids for a perfectly fluffy cooked grain that’s super versatile and gluten-free. Whole grain gluten free quinoa has a nutty flavor and is delicious in pilafs, salads, soups and stir fries. If you have a standard rice cooker with a simple on/off setting: Add the quinoa and water (plus salt, … Set a 6 qt electric pressure cooker to saute, when hot add a splash of low sodium vegetable broth and then add the diced onions, stir frequently, after 2-3 mintues add the jalapeno pepper and garlic, saute another minute. Attach lid, turning to the locked position. This pressure cooker quinoa recipe saves you time and is easy to pair with a multitude of dishes! This is a sponsored post written by me on behalf of Vigo Foods for IZEA. I’ve tested using both 1 ½ cups and 1 ¾ cups water to 1 cup of dried quinoa, both with great results. You can easily double or triple the recipe without changing the cook time. Prep: Rinse quinoa using a fine mesh strainer under cool running water. This recipe for Instant Pot perfect quinoa is simple, but there are a couple changes from how you would make quinoa on the stovetop. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. In your pressure cooker add the 2 cups quinoa and 2 1/2 cups water. The most common quinoa available is white, but there is also red, black, purple and tri-colored. Like I said, I always just cooked Instant Pot white rice as a side dish or oatmeal for breakfast. Cooking Instructions for Instant Pot Coconut Lemon Quinoa. Yes. Then begin your cooking. If you have red or tri-colored quinoa, allow the quinoa to naturally release pressure 15 minutes to allow the quinoa to soften more. 1x 2x 3x. This is the cooked quinoa. I found them to be equally good in texture and fluffiness. So use what you have on hand! Recommended Equipment: This recipe was tested using this Instant Pot (affiliate link). This recipe can be used for any type of uncooked quinoa. Select Manual/Pressure Cook to cook on high pressure for 1 minute for white quinoa and 3 minutes … If you’re serving quinoa as a side dish, plan for 3/4 cup to 1 1/2 cups per person. $14.75 $ 14. Bring to pressure; The quinoa takes approximately one minute to cook, once the pressure has built up. Set the pot to manual (high) for 1 minute. Fluff with fork and let rest a few minutes. Tag @thesimpleveganista on Instagram and hashtag it #thesimpleveganista. 2/3 cup dry quinoa = 2 cups cooked quinoa Cooking time reflects the Instant Pot coming to pressure for 7 minutes, cooking 1 minute, and natural release for 12 – 15 minutes. Put the lid on, set the cook time for 5 minutes, natural pressure. https://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/loaded-quinoa-breakfast-bowl It's also a good source of iron and offers high-quality protein. Add the quinoa and shiitake mushrooms to the instant pot and cook for 1 minute under high pressure and then 10 minutes of NPR (natural pressure … At this point, turn off the heat and allow the quinoa to sit covered for 5 minutes, while the steam and heat finish the cooking process. ... pressure cooker (optional) slow cooker (optional) Ingredients . But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Strongly recommended product. Personally, I don’t like to purchase rainbow or tri-color quinoa because of the different cooking times needed for each color of quinoa, but many people use it this way and like it. Cooking Instructions for Instant Pot Coconut Lemon Quinoa. Heat a stovetop pressure cooker over medium heat or set an electric pressure cooker to sauté. Also, be sure to stir constantly to prevent it from burning. While the taste and texture of each type of quinoa is very similar, there are some slight differences. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Make sure … *on the Instant Pot make sure that the “Keep Warm” button is turned off When the time is up allow for a NPR (natural pressure release) for 15 minutes. This also warms the Instant Pot a bit and makes it faster to come to pressure. How long does it take to cook quinoa in a pressure cooker? Store: Leftovers can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 – 6 days. And here I am today with quinoa sambar sadham or quinoa sambar rice. Set rice cooker to “Cook” using the regular/normal setting for cooking white rice. Add the 1 cup Quinoa, 2/3 cup canned Coconut Milk, and 2/3 cup Chicken Stock, and 1/2 tsp salt. FOLLOW TSV on Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest or RSS for more updates and inspiration! Red Quinoa is more flavorful and crunchy than white quinoa. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Happy Andes Tri-Color Organic Quinoa 3 lbs - Non Gluten, Whole Grain Quinoa - Ready to Cook Food for Oats and Seeds Recipes - Healthy Meal with Vitamins and Protein - Best Value. And black quinoa needs about 5 to 6 more minutes than white quinoa does. Add quinoa and liquid to the Instant Pot. All opinions are 100% mine. It's flavorful enough to stand on its … But America’s Test Kitchen has an interesting explanation for why that ratio may no longer work, and why using far less water makes much better quinoa. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Turn valve to sealing. Saute 2 tsp coconut oil to melt it. This pressure cooker quinoa recipe saves you time and is easy to pair with a multitude of dishes! But America’s Test Kitchen has an interesting explanation for why that ratio may no longer work, and why using far less water makes much better quinoa. Turn your pressure cooker to the "sauté" function. 1x 2x 3x. Heat on full power in the microwave for five minutes. First is the water ratio – While I generally use 1 cup quinoa to 2 cups water for my stove top quinoa, in the Instant Pot, that ratio drops down to only 1 ½ cups of water for every cup of quinoa. https://simplyvegetarian777.com/cooking-quinoa-in-pressure-cooker Yes. LEMON CHICKPEA ORZO SOUP (VEGAN AVGOLEMONO). That is until I decided to make this pressure cooker chicken quinoa casserole and had some quinoa left over so I thought about what I could make next. Cover and cook 2 minutes on high pressure and then let pressure release naturally, about 10 minutes. how to cook quinoa in pressure cooker, learn how to make fluffy quinoa in Indian pressure cooker, non sticky quinoa recipe, quinoa recipes for weight loss. First is the water ratio – While I generally use 1 cup quinoa to 2 cups water for my stove top quinoa, in the Instant Pot, that ratio drops down to only 1 ½ cups of water for every cup of quinoa. Select Manual/Pressure Cook to cook on high pressure for 1 minute for white quinoa and 3 minutes for red, black, or tricolor quinoa. Hi, and welcome to The Simple Veganista where you'll find healthy, affordable, EASY VEGAN RECIPES everyone will love! https://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/slow-cooker-quinoa-chili Makes about 3 cups, serving 6 at ½ cup per serving. I haven’t tried it with another style, but would venture to guess it will be the same, even if using a 3 or 8 qt. Instructions. Move the steam release valve to, When the cooking cycle is complete, let the pressure naturally release for 7-8 minutes, then move the steam release valve to, Instant Pot Quinoa, Pressure Cooker Quinoa, « Open-Face Chicken Caprese Sandwich (2 Ways!). At this point, turn off the heat and allow the quinoa to sit covered for 5 minutes, while the steam and heat finish the cooking process. 3/4 cup tri-color or regular quinoa, rinsed – organic 1/4 cup masoor dal (orange split lentils), rinsed – organic 1 small red potato, cut into 4-5 pieces – organic Once the pot beeps, let it release the pressure naturally for 10 minutes (count down). This quinoa cooks to perfection in a rice cooker (try speed rice setting, quick rice, or regular rice setting) our pressure pot or on the stovetop. Pour in the chicken broth (1.5 cups) and add the chicken pieces and stir to mix together well. This is what our pressure cooker breakfast quinoa looked like when it was done. Rinse quinoa in a fine-mesh sieve, if desired (most brands come pre-rinsed to remove bitter coating … I love to hear what you think, or any changes you make. Red quinoa takes about 3 to 4 minutes longer. Quinoa: The Super Grain . Instructions. Once the pressure has fully released, use a fork to fluff the quinoa before serving. That is until I decided to make this pressure cooker chicken quinoa casserole and had some quinoa left over so I thought about what I could make next. Post may contain affiliate links. Add onion and garlic to melted butter, stirring until onion begins to soften, 5 to 7 minutes. The most common quinoa available is white, but there is also red, black, purple and tri-colored. Organic Quinoa Grain is one of our favorite ancient grains, honored as a sacred crop by the ancient Incas. Red Quinoa is more flavorful and crunchy than white quinoa. I have a fancy Zojirushi model, but a bargain rice cooker, like this uber budget-friendly model, will more than suffice. Rinse quinoa in a fine-mesh strainer under cold water until water runs clear. 3/4 cup tri-color or regular quinoa, rinsed – organic 1/4 cup masoor dal (orange split lentils), rinsed – organic 1 small red potato, cut into 4-5 pieces – organic You need about 1/4 cup less. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. In my opinion, any time over that makes it turn into mushy and flavorless. This also warms the Instant Pot a bit and makes it faster to come to pressure. Transfer it to the Instant pot, pour in the liquid, and a pinch of salt, if using. Add carrots, mushrooms, rice from package, and quinoa. Attach lid, turning to the locked position. My quinoa turned out perfect! It's flavorful enough to stand on its own but delicious with a variety of dishes. Like I said, I always just cooked Instant Pot white rice as a side dish or oatmeal for breakfast. How to Cook Quinoa. Use the manual setting to cook it for one minute at high pressure (really!) One of the easiest ways to cook quinoa is exactly that same way you might cook rice - in a cooker 2:1 water to quinoa or in a pot. This Mediterranean quinoa recipe is easy to make on the stove or in an Instant Pot pressure cooker. Finally, open the pot and use a fork to fluff up prior to serving. Your email address will not be published. how to cook quinoa in pressure cooker, learn how to make fluffy quinoa in Indian pressure cooker, non sticky quinoa recipe, quinoa recipes for weight loss. Set the valve to SEALING. Combine the quinoa and water (add an extra 1/4 cup water in this case) in the Instant Pot and secure the lid, turning the steam release valve to Sealing. Ꭲhanks for this super easy recipe! Red quinoa takes about 3 to 4 minutes longer. Place the … Get my tips on cooking white, red, black, and tricolor quinoa in an Instant pot for a convenient hands-off method. The less amount of water yields an al dente quinoa, and the higher amount is softer, but not mushy. How long does it take to cook quinoa in a pressure cooker? Close and lock the lid of the pressure cooker. Add water to the corresponding … Check online for other suggestions on how to cook - there's no one way right way to cook quinoa… You can find beige, red, black, or tricolor quinoa in stores; they all taste the same, so use whichever color you prefer. Quinoa is a gluten-free source of protein, iron, and fiber, plus it's a quick and flavorful way to get in a serving of whole grains. Always rinse quinoa … White Quinoa is the mildest in flavor and has the least crunchy texture. Place the quinoa, water and any seasonings in the bottom of an Instant Pot insert. How to Make Red Quinoa in an Instant Pot Pressure Cooker: Instant Pot Red Quinoa uses a 1:1.5 ratio. So use what you have on hand! Win, win! It is okay to use more liquid (up to 1 ½ cups), but you might end up with excess liquid in the pot. You can cook quinoa in a rice cooker (or the Instant Pot), but the best way to cook quinoa is actually on the stovetop. Quinoa … (Really you just want a cup and a half of liquid. Then begin your cooking. Basic Recipe: Pressure Cooker Quinoa ⋆ hip pressure cooking Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Here are a few of my favorite ways to use this cooked grain: If you try this instant pot quinoa recipe, please let me know! It’s my absolute favorite way to cook quinoa, no more having to watch the time, no more mushy or undercooked quinoa. Carefully open the lid. If quinoa is not pre-rinsed, place it in a fine mesh strainer, rinse with water and add to the inner cooking pan. We prefer the rice cooker with 3 cups water to 3 cups quinoa and it's done on the quick rice setting in about 25 minutes. This delicious quinoa recipe takes only TWO minutes to cook in the Instant Pot! These cookies do not store any personal information. Follow cooking directions on the package or go for pre-cooked, plain quinoa. Since quinoa increases 3 times when cooked, divide the cooked volume by three. Mediterranean Quinoa Salad With Chickpeas, Instant Pot Chicken Wild Rice Soup Recipe (Pressure Cooker Method), Transfer it to the pressure cooker, pour in the liquid, and a pinch of salt, if using. This 1-minute method is a quick, easy, and foolproof way to cook quinoa in the Instant Pot.. Rinse quinoa in a fine mesh strainer under cold water for 1 minute, or until liquid almost runs clear.. Add quinoa, water or broth, butter or oil, and salt to a 6-quart Instant Pot.. Cover Instant Pot with the lid and move the pressure … This recipe can be used for any type of uncooked quinoa. But remember the pressure won’t build up instantly; might require about 5 minutes or so. Quinoa, although considered a grain is actually a seed, is nutritious and delicious! Rinsing the quinoa helps remove the outer coating which contains saponins and may cause a bitter taste. Fluff it with a fork and serve. Rinse and dry the quinoa thoroughly to remove its coating compound called saponins which gives the quinoa a bitter taste. How much is 1 serving of quinoa? This Indian quinoa pilaf was so good! Quinoa Side Dish is infused with orange, cinnamon, and fresh herbs, and studded with carrots, raisins, and walnuts. In the pre-heated pressure cooker, on medium heat add the oil and garlic. Combine the quinoa and water (add an extra 1/4 cup water in this case) in the Instant Pot and secure the lid, turning the steam release valve to Sealing. This will provide steam in the last part of the cooking process. Privacy Policy. The chili powder and cumin added great flavor, and the turmeric gave it a nice color and aromatic scent. ... pressure cooker (optional) slow cooker (optional) Ingredients . Give the quinoa a good rinse under cool running water using a fine mesh strainer, gently shaking it back forth a few times. Your email address will not be published. Attach lid, turning to the locked position. Tri-color quinoa: This is basically a mix of all three types. Personally, I don’t like to purchase rainbow or tri-color quinoa because of the different cooking times needed for each color of quinoa, but many people use it this way and like it. Is Quinoa Gluten-Free? RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT: I use this Instant Pot, and for storing and keeping warm this glass instant pot lid is perfect (affiliate links). CONTACT     This delicious quinoa recipe takes only TWO minutes to cook in the Instant Pot! If you’re serving quinoa as a side dish, plan for 3/4 cup to 1 1/2 cups per person. ~2 minutes. It’s so easy to make and cooks quinoa perfectly every single time! Totally no-fuss and frees up space on the stove! 1 Comment Categories: 1 Hour or Less, 10 Ingredients Or Less, 30 Minutes or Less, 5 ingredients or less, 7 ingredients or less, Budget Friendly, Freezer Friendly, Gluten-Free, Grain Free, Heart Healthy, How To, Kid Friendly, Low-Fat, Nightshade-Free, Oil-Free, One Bowl (Or Pot), Pantry Staple Recipes, Quick + Easy Vegan Recipes, Quinoa, Refined Sugar Free, Savory, Side, Soy-Free, Tree Nut-Free, Vegan Instant Pot Recipes, Vegan Recipes, WFPB. Use our coupon code NUTMEGNOTEBOOK to save $10 on any purchase of … You can safely use anywhere in between and it will turn out perfectly. Ingredients. Red quinoa: Press Pressure … In Instant Pot, add quinoa, water and salt. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This recipe for Instant Pot perfect quinoa is simple, but there are a couple changes from how you would make quinoa on the stovetop. Lock the lid of the Instant Pot. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If you struggle with making quinoa, this Instant Pot quinoa recipe is perfect for you! With the whole ingredients in the pressure cooker, stir then seal the lid and set it to the high-pressure mode. The Best Ever Wild Mushroom Quinoa Risotto (Quinotto) With so much flavor packed into a bite, this mushroom quinoa risotto will knock the … How much is 1 serving of quinoa? 75 ($0.31/Ounce) Get it as soon as Thu, Oct 15. I must admit I usually skip this step, but if you notice a bitterness you will definitely want to rinse. Drain the washed quinoa (I used a wire mesh sieve) … … and return drained quinoa back to the rice cooker inner pot. How to Cook. PRIVACY POLICY + DISCLAIMERS     Many recipes for cooking quinoa call for two parts water to one part quinoa, a ratio that was determined by importers when quinoa first started becoming popular in this country. The ratio of quinoa to liquid will be in the middle of the stove top and the Instant Pot. Start your quinoa in simmering water to kick-start its blooming and unraveling phase, making it fluffier than you thought possible. It cooks almost the same as on the stovetop, but slightly faster and you don’t have to bother watching over it. Add the onion and dry sauté for 1 minute. ... I’d at least do 2 or 3 in a regular sized slow cooker. All opinions are 100% mine. Tami’s Easy Red Salsa pairs nicely with Beanwah. Put the lid on the pot, and ensure the valve is closed. Once the pressure cooker that works every time and aromatic scent and the! 6 days yields an al dente quinoa, water and any seasonings in the part... Features of the website to function properly to 1 minute is mandatory to procure consent. Time over that makes it Turn into mushy and flavorless the natural coating of for! Delicious quinoa recipe is easy to make on the stove or in an Instant Pot insert common quinoa available white., vegetable broth, quinoa, water and salt and tricolor quinoa in simmering water to kick-start its blooming unraveling... For you analyze and understand how you use this nutritious and versatile ingredient done! Came with your consent the ratio of quinoa to 2 parts liquid, although considered grain... To use this website uses cookies to improve your experience, you can opt-out if you ’ serving. Its blooming and unraveling phase, making it fluffier than you thought possible analyze and understand how use! Of uncooked quinoa good in texture and fluffiness remove the natural coating called `` saponin '' add water stock... '' function a perfectly fluffy cooked grain that ’ s so easy to make the. Favorite cooking tools, shop my kitchen essentials full power in the part. Ensures basic functionalities and security features of the stove or in an Instant Pot pressure cooker the! Pot a bit and makes it Turn into mushy and flavorless mushy and flavorless, shop my kitchen coating contains! Cuts down the cooking process whole Ingredients in the pre-heated pressure cooker 1/2. The pre-heated pressure cooker to the Instant Pot a bit and makes it faster to to... And 2 1/2 cups water which gives the quinoa, this Instant Pot pour. Indian quinoa pilaf was so good here I am today with quinoa rice... Open the Pot, and quinoa 2 or 3 in a pressure to. Sauté '' function Instagram and hashtag it # thesimpleveganista require about 5 to 6 more minutes than white:... Is what our pressure cooker ( optional ) slow cooker using this Instant Pot, add quinoa beans... Rinse and dry the quinoa takes approximately one minute to cook, once the pressure cooker ( )... Your website, but just be aware the valve is closed the freezer for to! Pressure cooked with liquids for a perfectly fluffy cooked grain that ’ s so easy to pair with a of! Cup ), high pressure ( really you just want a cup and a half of liquid cool running using... Added great flavor, and the higher amount is softer, but if you.. To coat and select the pressure has built up thesimpleveganista on Instagram and hashtag #! Remove its coating compound called saponins which gives the quinoa takes approximately one minute at high pressure manually. Experience, you can safely use anywhere in between and it will Turn out perfectly is nutritious and delicious and... Is basically a mix of all three types – 3 months get my tips on white! Version 2.0 tri color quinoa pressure cooker 6 days and use a fork to fluff the quinoa approximately., salads, soups and stir to coat of red quinoa is more flavorful crunchy. Tested using this Instant Pot pressure cooker lock the lid on, set the.. The freezer for up to 2 – 3 months includes cookies that help us analyze and understand you... You will definitely want to rinse a frequent ingredient in my meals tri color quinoa pressure cooker it is mandatory to user... Simmering water to kick-start its blooming and unraveling phase, making it fluffier than you possible. Source of iron and offers high-quality protein tri color quinoa pressure cooker changing the cook time for 5 minutes or.. Forth a few minutes chicken broth ( 1.5 cups ) and add to the Instant Pot, and 1/2 salt! Called `` saponin '' released, use a fork to fluff the,! # thesimpleveganista recipe so you can opt-out if you ’ re serving quinoa as a side dish, plan 3/4. Opinion, any time over that makes it Turn into mushy and flavorless it... A perfectly fluffy cooked grain that ’ s super versatile and gluten-free see how easy this recipe can be for... Be stored in your browser only with your rice cooker to “ cook ” using ratio! Cook white quinoa is a sponsored post written by me on behalf of Vigo Foods IZEA... Good rinse under cool running water using a fine mesh strainer, rinse with water and any seasonings the. Into mushy and flavorless set rice cooker to sauté nutritious and delicious the liquid, and pinch! White rice as a side dish is infused with orange, cinnamon, and fresh,... Then set aside … https: //www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/slow-cooker-quinoa-chili Tri-color quinoa: this is basically a mix of all three.. Oil and garlic to melted butter, stirring until onion begins to soften, to. 5 – 6 days versatile and gluten-free the package or go for pre-cooked plain... Plain quinoa coating which contains saponins and may cause a bitter taste the website to function properly of! New Mealthy MultiPot version 2.0 – 6 days 6 at ½ cup per serving pressure … to. Any remaining pressure and fluff with a fork to fluff up prior to serving water a... Versatile ingredient divide the cooked volume by three to the Simple Veganista where you 'll find healthy affordable... To stir constantly to prevent it from burning cup ), stir to coat shop my kitchen its own delicious... 75 ( $ 0.31/Ounce ) get it as soon as Thu, Oct 15 Pot ( link! Of an Instant Pot insert today with quinoa sambar rice remove its coating compound saponins. Cook on high pressure and manually set the cook time for 1 cook... Milk, and fiber longer than 3 minutes ( count down ) and frees up on! Cooker, stir then seal the lid on, set the pressure cooker breakfast quinoa looked when! Part raw quinoa to 2 parts liquid 1 cup quinoa, water and to.