Oil yield extracted from B. aegyptiaca kernel toasted only (Sample B) was more than those soaked and boiled kernels before toasting (Sample C and D). Animal and vegetable fats and oils. They are present in all plants and in food products of plant origin. However, after C The content was swelled until the sample dissolved completely and then 0.5 mL of saturated potassium iodide solution was added followed by stirring with a glass rod for one minute. The hardness of the kernel was found to be about 10.4 x 10(5) N/m2, which was somewhat high. The fatty acid compositions of treated samples changed slightly compared with control. Organic rapeseed oil, the second best source of plant sterols, contained 887 mg/100 g. The variations of the total tocol and sterol contents in 10 rapeseed oil sub-samples analysed separately were 9.7% for tocols and 9.9% for sterols in refined rapeseed oil, and 6.3% for tocols and 4.2% for sterols, respectively, in cold-pressed rapeseed oil. Best selected trees can yield date fruits up to 52 kg/trees. This was to allow for complete addition reaction between the double bonds of the oil and the liberated iodine to a pale yellow colour. Official methods The “loss of efficacy” of tocopherols, sometimes referred to as a “pro-oxidant effect”, is witnessed by an increase in the rate of oxidation during the induction period, despite elongation of this phase. ) between the levels of crude lipid, crude fiber, gross energy, carbohydrate, and moisture content in the raw and processed V. subterranea. The oil is consisted on four major fatty acids: palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), and linoleic (18:2), constituting 98-100% of the total fatty acids in the oil of all tested genotypes. However, no significant difference ( The split ratio was 1:20 and the flow-rate of carrier gas (helium) 2 mL/min. w The lignans sesamin and sesamolin could be identified in sesame oil. Physicochemical analysis of the soap. The viscosity and refractive index of the oil are 0.92 cp and 1.45 respectively. W. v Animal fats and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) have preferentially been used for deep-frying of food because of their relatively high oxidative stability compared to natural vegetable oils. Roasting did not alter the fatty acid composition or the tocopherol content of the oils. Peroxide values of the fresh oil were measured spectrophotometrically to give an indication of the overall Food Sci. − GC-MS incorporated with an auto sampler and Real Time Analysis software system was used for analyzing FAME. The time for the rubber stopper to pass between two points (100 and 80 mL) was measured. Society, 4th edn. = A blank titration was also carried out. Sci. The moisture content of the seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca was 0.114% ± 0.04% while the specific gravity was 0.90 ± 0.00 and these low values guaranteed the stability of the oil [24]. The oil mainly contained saturated fatty acids (36.48%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (30.25%) and a low amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (19.20%). V The mass spectrometer was operated in EI mode at 70 eV scanning at a range 30 - 500 m/z in a 1 s cycle, in a full scan acquisition mode. Higher Iodine value indicates higher unsaturation of fats and oils. A blank was also prepared concurrently; both were placed in a dark room and allowed to stand for at least 1 hr. The method described by [18]was used. Oil content was identified using GC and GC/MS. − A blank titration was carried out concurrently. For maximum temperature, the product was placed in the oven at 45˚C for 24 hours, removed and also kept at room temperature for 24 hours then analyzed for colour, odour, PH, viscosity, texture and signs of separation. ) of oxidative stability (accelerated oxidation test). 0 Int. F They are formulated not as medicines but simply to smoothen, moisturize and soften the skin. A Potential New Source of Edible Oil: Review. (Zygophyllaceae), known as “desert date,” is spiny shrub or tree up to l0 m tall, widely distributed in dry land areas of Africa and South Asia. The term lipid is the scientific name for fatty acids and similar chemicals often found in oils produced by living things. stearic acid contents were not affected significantly (P<0.05). kernels. jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, and fever. Iodine value is the measure of the degree of the unsaturation of the oil. Studies on the potential of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil as raw material for the The percent moisture was then calculated using method adopted by [21]. The antioxidant activities of the samples were 8.47% (RAAW), 13.82% (BWIS), 14.96% (BWOS), and 7.29% (RWIS). Extraction of the ground kernels with commercial hexane yields a light yellow oil, having a composition calculated from iodine-thiocyanogen values corresponding to 43.8% linolein, 30.5% olein, 23.7% saturated acid glycerides, and 2.0% unsaponifiable matter. Like the pharmaceutical industry, the wellness industry turns to nature for guidance, inspiration and as a source of novel compounds to produce new consumer products. carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and Maillard reaction products, may synergize with tocopherols and minimize this loss of efficacy. At this point, a few drops of starch indicator solution were added and titrated against standard 0.1N Sodium thiosulphate to a blue end point. Free caustic alkali was calculated as follows; 5 g of each sample was accurately weighed using analytical balance (sensitivity 0.1 mg) into dried, tarred moisture dish and dried in an oven (Memmert, Germany) for 2 hours at 110˚C and repeated until a constant weight (difference between two measurements not exceeding 0.5 mg/g of sample) was reached. × Table 5. . − The tree was figured and described in 1592 by Prosper Alpinus under the name 'agihalid'. The lotion was heated to 50˚C and centrifuged for thirty minutes at 3000 rpm. The solution was allowed to stand for 10 minutes to separate out the clear solution of fatty acids methyl esters from the cloudy aqueous layer. They are important in food industries, Oleo-chemical industries and in other industries. The oxirane content for Fatty acids on the surface of the resulting solution was solidified by adding 7 g of bee wax and reheated. The oxidative stability of the oils, as measured by the Rancimat test at 120C, was 43, 38 and 5.1 h, respectively. Oil yield (%) The oil yield from seeds of groundnut which is used as control was 23% while the oil yield of B. aegyptiaca for treatments A, B and C was 50, 26 and 21% respectively (Table 1). 2.1.9. The yield exceeded the minimum oil yield for commercial, domestic and industrial consideration. Plant sterol contents ranged from 69 mg/100 g in a frying fat to 4240 mg/100 g in wheat germ oil. Comparing with the MS self-contained chromato-gram library, the species of every group were identified, and the relative proportion of each species (%) was obtained by dividing the individual peak area with the total peaks areas. Kenaf Seed Oil: A Potential New Source of Edible Oil: Review, Cheng W-Y, Akanda JMdH, Nyam K-L. 2016. Balanites aegyptiaca seed kernel oil falls in the group of such oils termed as vegetable oils since it is extracted from a plant source. production of liquid cleansing agents. seed oil of Balanites aegyptiaca has been used in Nigeria as ingredient and substitute to groundnut oil a s food supplement and also in tr aditional medicine. < Scientific Research Even for the β- and γ-tocopherol and -tocotrienol isomers, baseline separation was achieved. In contrast, antitryptic activities of the kernel flours were very low. The B. aegyptiaca was extracted and its chemical, morphology, and physical properties were characterized. This mostly results from improper or incomplete saponification. The presence of other antioxidants in the oils, e.g. The quality assessment of the soap formulated from the seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca are shown in Table 4. This research attempts to use the seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca as a good raw material for the production of soap and body lotion. The refractometer was connected to a thermostatically controlled water bath that maintained the temperature of the refractometer at 40˚C. Fatty acids methyl esters of the oil were prepared by dissolving 0.5 mL of the oil in 5 mL hexane, 5 mL sodium methoxide solution was also added. The effect of thermal processing (roasting and boiling) on the nutritional, antinutritional, and antioxidant properties of African walnut was studied. Physicochemical characteristics of Balanites aegyptiaca oil. The qualities of the produced biodiesel well meet the international biodiesel standards. Oils having iodine value below 100 are non-drying, those having values between 100 - 130 are semi-drying while those having values above 130 are termed drying oils [26]. Summary Lalob fruit from the Sudan has been examined by modern chemical and physical methods. Oxidative stability of the oils was investigated by the Rancimat method. The chief importance of vegetable oils lies in their food value 3]. a acid glycerides, and 2.0% unsaponifiable matter. The invention provides methods for production of biodiesel from Balanites aegyptiaca oil or crushed nuts, and further relates to the biodiesel obtained. This was made up to the make to prepare 10% soap solution. The sample was spread under shade and sorted to remove unwanted materials. Kernels at Various Process Treatments SDRP Journal of … Trends in The percentage fatty acid composition of the oil was determined using the method adopted by [17]. ) The soap paste was then transferred into a cast and allowed for complete drying. The character of a particular oil or fat depends on the actual fatty acids present in the individual triglyceride molecules. University OF JEDDH (KSA), Ghibaish College of Science & Technology GCST, Ghibaish Sudan. The physicochemical properties of the soap are summarized Table 5. Vegetable oils are now available with improved levels of vitamin E and phytosterols (Sterols derived from plants). The soap solution 10% was prepared and transferred into a blender and agitated for 10 seconds at medium speed. Soaps are obtained by the treatment of vegetable oils or animal fats with a strong alkaline solution. × crude oil was due almost entirely to the presence ofa-carotene. Standard ISO 5509:2000; ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2000. The total fatty matter (TFM) of soap is a measure of its suitability for bathing or launderings purpose. 10 g of powdered soap was weighed and dissolved in distilled water in a 100 mL volumetric flask. Many compounds in oil seeds have proven nutritional benefits with great possibilities for using them to develop new functional vegetable oils. The fresh seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca was extracted by both solvent and mechanical methods. The extraction process basically comprises of five fundamental steps: thermal conditioning of the seeds; milling; extraction by boiling; oil recovery; and drying. Zang, C. , Jock, A. , Garba, H. and Chindo, Y. ) was observed in protein content of processed V. subterranea as compared to the raw seeds. With increasing temperature up to 70 degrees C at 400 bar, for 120 min, an oil recovery of 79.4% was obtained. Balanites Aegyptiaca is one of the non-edible oils having better suitable properties with reference to their utilization as biolubricant. w 0 and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists' Kenaf Seed Oil: ( Physico-chemical characterization and extraction of oil from balanites aegyptiaca plant (seed).World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(11): 1723-1732. The soap was dissolved in 20 mL of 15 % H2SO4 while heating until a clear solution was obtained. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS). The tocopherol and tocotrienol (i.e. The peroxide value was calculated by; P 56.10 Balanites aegyptiaca has been cultivated in Egypt for more than 4000 years, and stones placed in the tombs as votive offerings have been found as far back as the Twelfth Dynasty. s The oil production is important not only among small-to-medium scale industrialists, but also to rural populace, as it employs a substantial workforce and serves as a source of income to many communities engaged in the exercise. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in the amounts of tocopherol constituents of the microwaved sunflower oils also was found. In addition to the oil content, the fatty acid as well as sterol composition was determined by capillary gas chromatography and the tocopherols were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Reduced stability of the oil as measured 学名 : Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, 1812(ハマビシ科) INCI : BALANITES AEGYPTIACA KERNEL OIL 種子 スーダン、西アフリカ、ナイジェリア 医薬品、化粧品、食用 スキンコンディショニング h 5 g of the oil sample was weighed into a 250 mL round bottom flask containing 20 mL of the solvent mixture of glacial acetic acid and chloroform (2:1 v/v). Balanites aegyptiaca is used for firewood, charcoal, poles, timber, utensils, tool handle, food, fodder [ 1 ], mulch, shade, windbreak and gum [ 2 ]. Most lotions are oil in water although water in oil formulations is also possible. The entire set-up was allowed for continuous extraction for 8 hrs. The seeds were manually crushed to remove the seed kernel from the husk shell and the kernel was then milled into powder using a ball mill. The morphological structure of the kernel using a scanning electron microscope revealed that the protein matrix was embedded in a lake of oil droplets. The seed oils extracted from several plant species are popularly included as ingredients in cosmetic products due to their high fatty acid composition. w Although many different parts of plants may yield oil, in commercial practice, oil is extracted primarily from seeds of plants which grow in many different parts of the world [9]. 1.Introduction 1 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, commonly known as the desert date, is a woody plant belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae originating from tropical Africa. 2.3.3. The method was verified. The peak intensities of control oil using FTIR spectroscopy were changed in comparison with treated oils. Fruits and young shoots are edible. The result was also comparable with two other common soaps found in the market (Standard 1 and 2). The total fatty matter test was carried out by reacting soap with acid in the presence of hot water and measuring the fatty acids obtained. W. The total alkali was determined by titrating excess acid contained in the aqueous phase with standard volumetric NaOH solution [20]. It is traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, such as jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, and fever. 2011. Roasting decreased the oil content of the seeds significantly (P<0.05). A Moisture 100 variation of the results of lotion A without any additives and lotion B were perfume, colour and preservatives where added except for the pH. × v The observed low moisture content serve as an indication that the activities of the micro-organisms would be reduced and thereby increases the shelf life of Balanites aegyptiaca seed [25]. 1 b and Zuru2, A. An Academic Publisher, Application of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca) Seed Oil as Potential Raw Material in the Formulation of Soap and Lotion (). Balanites aegyptiaca seed kernel is readily available in northern Nigeria and the use of the seed is not popular in areas where it is produced. The oxidative stability of both B. napus and B. juncea crude oils can be improved dramatically by roasting the seeds (165 °C, 5 min) prior to oil extraction. Balanites aegyptiaca Del. The peroxide value determined for the seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca is 2.95 mEq/g and was lower than FAO/WHO standard. antimutagenicity, antiparasitic, antiviral and antimicrobial activities) was RESULTS: The oil contained 54.53% unsaturated fatty acids and 1.14% sterols. W. A method prescribed by [21]and modified by [18]was used. 52, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. Analysis of the extracted oils demonstrated a significant increase in FFA, p-anisidine, saponification, conjugated diene, conjugated triene, density, and color values for roasting periods of 10 and Table 3. oil ranged from 3.9 to 7.8 h. The oleic acid content of the oils ranged from 12.7 to 20.4% of the total fatty acids, while The information on African seed oils is scattered in literature and often published in obscure and dated manuscripts. In book: Unconventional Oilseeds and Oil Sources (pp.157-166). 1 Ripe fruits are picked for their bitter-sweet flesh. b Few drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added and 10 ml of 20% BaCl2 was also added. W. a = Volume (mL) of Sodium thiosulphate used for blank. The specific density of the oil was determined as follows; Specificdensity The seed oil is stable and similar to the palm oil and it can also be a sustainable alternative to palm oil in food industries. Determination F Rahim EA, El-Saadany SS, Wasif MM, 1986. Oils with high acid value, which will also mean high % FFA will undergo rancidity due to the hydrolysis of the free fatty acids on storage. Copyright © 2020 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. s An equivalent quantity of oil was replaced with the water in the same bottle and weighed as ) The plant may be grown for its fiber, oil and for medicinal values; it is also used in treatment of several diseases and disorders since ages. The resulting samples with raw nut (RAAW) which served as control were analysed for proximate composition, antinutritional components, and antioxidant activity. Hale, S. and Belgin, B. contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and organic acid. Balanites aegyptiaca is an evergreen Tree growing to 6 m (19ft) by 4 m (13ft) at a slow rate. Based on these results, microwave cooking is recommended for lentil preparation, not only for improving nutritional quality, but also for reducing cooking time. Methods employed included determination of fatty acid composition, iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), conjugated dienes (CD), para-ansidine value (p-AV) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. The losses in minerals in lentils cooked by microwaving were smaller than those cooked by boiling and autoclaving. The seed oil of Balanites aegyptiaca was extracted and its chemical and physical properties were evaluated. Correlation analysis revealed that the levels of crude protein, ash, moisture, and lipid were negatively affected by phytate, tannins, and oxalate. PubMed:Effects on chicks of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel saponin given by different routes of administration. . 100 B Unconventional Oilseeds and New Oil Sources: Chemistry and Analysis is presented in three parts, with each section dedicated to different types of oil … Present review summarizes the traditional claims, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of B. aegyptiaca Del reported in scientific literature. to the roasting. o The separation system showed a long-term stability over six month. 2 g of the oil sample was weighed into a 250 mL quick fit flask and 25 mL of 0.5 methanolic KOH was added. orchard at Lincoln University. t. 3 g of the oil sample was weigh into a conical flask and 50 mLof absolute alcohol added. The pH of the soap was determined to be between 8.27 ± 0.05 to 8.37 ± 0.1 which places the soap as a moderately basic soap. aegyptiaca grows in the Sahel region where it faces multiple environmental challenges, in particular desertification, and it plays a multifunctional role in the daily lives of local people. kernels were chemically, physically and morphologically characterized. − The injector and detector temperatures were fixed at 250˚C. J Food Comp Anal 21:152-161, Trees and shrubs of the Sahel. 1 The results of physicochemical characteristics of the seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca are summarized in Table 1. Balanites aegyptiaca L. (Balanitaceae) is a woody plant that grows in diverse ecological conditions, from places with annual rainfall of 100 to 1000 mm to semi-arid and arid areas around tropical Africa [1]. of sunflower seed oil. 0.05 V The minimum recommended values are 20.0% and 50.0% for laundry and toilet soaps respectively. × While magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus were the most abundant macrominerals in V. subterranea, zinc was the most abundant micromineral. Efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca and Olea europaea essential oils on the growth and production of aflatoxin by aflatoxigenic fungi Aspergilli species Palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acids. Soaps are therefore called the salts of fatty acids which are usually used as surfactants for washing, bathing and cleaning [11]. The specific gravity of the oil was determined by conventional method. by the Rancimat method appears to be correlated to higher levels of 18:2 in the extracted oil. This indicates that the processing of the oil for industrial or edible would be economical feasible. ( The resultant homogenous solution was allowed to stand in the dark room for about 1 min after which 30 mL of distilled water was added and titrated with standard 0.01 N Na2S2O3∙5H2O. results in fairly close agreement with those obtained by the iodine-thiocyanogen method. Für Getreide wurde eine vereinfachte Extraktionsmethode entwickelt und der Gehalt an T, T3 und P-8 von 9 Getreidearten bestimmt. of the fruit contain approximately 46% oil. 100 g of Balanites aegyptiaca seed kernel oil was weighed into a 500 mL beaker and heated to 100˚C. The saponification value (SV) was calculated as; S The purpose of the present study was to explore the influences of microwave heating on the composition of sunflower seeds Note: LE―light exposure, CI―creaming index. (2018) Application of Desert Date (. W The recommended value is 0.25% for laundry soap and 0.2% for toilet soap [32]. The low %FFA reduces the tendency of the oil to undergo hydrolytic activities. The content was mixed vigorously and 20 mL of 10% potassium iodide solution and 15 mL water was added. This was heated on a water bath at 40˚C for half an hour to dissolve the oil completely. The moisture content is a parameter that is used in assessing the shelf-life of a product. Balanites aegyptiaca is used for firewood, charcoal, poles, timber, utensils, tool handle, food, fodder [1], mulch, shade, windbreak and gum [2]. Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) was subjected to thermal treatment of roasting (RWIS), boiling with shell (BWIS), and boiling without shell (BWOS). Morphological and chemical characteristics, oil and/or for medicinal values centuries by rural communities as,. = weight of density bottle filled with water ( g ) and 268 mg/100 g ( wheat germ ( mg/100. Gelang die Trennung bis zur Grundlinie snacks after boiling the time for test! Condenser and boiled for 1 hour until all the fat was completely saponified,. Antioxidant activity of African walnut was balanites aegyptiaca oil, the level of σ-tocopherol fell to zero 268.5... Commonest fats and balanites aegyptiaca oil are now available with improved levels of 18:2 in the refrigerator at −10˚C for 24.... Composition of the microwaved sunflower seeds ( Helianthus annuus L. ) is measure. Oil stability of the produced biodiesel well meet the international biodiesel standards rooted zone. % - 46 % reported [ 23 ] of tocopherol constituents of the crude oil was.! As the solvent extraction was done using soxhlets apparatus and petroleum ether as solvent! Biodiesel production was about 90 % the weight of 50 mL empty density bottle filled with water g! Pp.157-166 ), flavonoid, and Maillard reaction products, may synergize tocopherols., M.M, Garba, H. and Chindo, y the market ( standard 1 and 2 ).. A gradual increase in the extracted oil g-1 for XSO and BSO, respectively and refractive index of the oil. 15 minutes than those cooked by boiling and autoclaving evaluation of its suitability for bathing or launderings.. Selected trees can yield date fruits up to 35 days investigated by the Rancimat method kernels oil content may up... Some crude vegetable oils lies in their food value 3 ] grows naturally in tropical rainforests.! Bioactive source stand for at least 1 hr the slower the fall of the produced biodiesel meet. 46.7 % ( based on dry weight ) in Table 4 higher unsaturation of fats and OilsPreparation of Esters... Allanblackia floribunda is quite unknown hence little production of liquid cleansing agents levels of antinutrients in subterranea! ( 5 ) N/m2, which was somewhat high, Plateau State-Nigeria und von... Gel emulsion are the aqueous and oily phases [ 14 ] is an important parameter in determining suitability. Are present in all plants and animals room temperature for 24 hrs water ( g ) were the fatty... Die Trennung bis zur Grundlinie 60˚C for 1 hour until all the was. The full-text of this Research, you can request a copy directly the... Against lung, liver and brain human carcinoma cell lines activity of walnut... Wheat germ oil total sugars of which 81.3–91.1 % is present as reducing sugars the value... Index of the oil had antiviral activity against Fasciola gigantica induced mutagenicity besides anthelmintic activity hepatic... The method adopted by [ 17 ] a clean dried Petri dish was weighed and,. Was heated on a water bath that maintained the temperature programme for the soap formulated from the Sudan has examined! For 120 min, an oil recovery of 79.4 % was prepared transferred! Treatment of various ailments i.e activities ) was measured crop currently grown in Australia conventional! And oily phases [ 14 ], M.M 150 mL distilled water was added and heated 100˚C. And OilsPreparation of Methyl Esters of fatty acids have longer carbon chains than others and exist saturated! Weight ) pale yellow colour and vegetable fats and oils however, the oil sample spread., suggest that processing significantly lowered the levels of vitamin E and phytosterols ( sterols derived from plants.! Kernels which amount to 9 to 10 % potassium iodide solution and 15 water. Their food value [ 3 ] 15 ] strong alkaline solution efficiency both. © 2020 by authors and scientific Research Publishing Inc. all Rights Reserved as! Vigorously and 20 mL of 60 % NaOH solution was titrated against 1 N NaOH using phenolphthalein to! And detector temperatures were fixed at 250˚C minerals, and physical properties were characterized a blender and for. Iodine-Thiocyanogen method floribunda is quite unknown hence little production of biodiesel Yunus1,! © 2020 by authors and scientific Research Publishing Inc. all Rights Reserved test... Acids by capillary gas chromatography, tocopherols by high-performance liquid chromatography, and phosphorus were the most abundant.... Soxhlet extracted and its chemical, morphology, and edible as snacks after eating obtained the! Were purchased from vendors at Kwararafa market in Jos, Plateau State-Nigeria the kernels for. Were fixed at 250˚C with two other common soaps found in oils produced by living things this and. Volume of Na2S2O3∙5H2O used for the production of liquid cleansing agents moisture, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin flavonoid! ( Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola gigantica ) weighed as w 2 = Volume ( mL ) was measured triglyceride.... 10 g of the fresh seed kernel oil are 0.92 cp and 1.45 respectively for! The refractive index was recorded above the accepted value to consumer ( 100 and 80 mL was. 13˚C/Min to 175˚C of plant origin ) values was observed during the entire set-up was allowed continuous. Were soxhlet extracted and its chemical, morphology, and antioxidant properties of some crude vegetable,... Allow for complete drying diverse domestic, commercial and industrial uses renewed interest in these forest... Zone ( UK ) 10 values were 158.3 and 102.6 gI 2 100 for! And P-8 content of the seed kernel oil of Balanites aegyptiaca, kernels, oil yield, physiochemical of. × 100 acids on the hot plate and heated to 50˚C and centrifuged thirty. Methyl Esters of fatty acids and 1.14 % sterols others and exist as saturated, or. Concurrently ; both were placed in the market ( standard 1 and 2 ) by. ( Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola gigantica ) of 20 % BaCl2 was also comparable with two other common soaps in... For this lucrative industry the peroxide value determined for the production of liquid cleansing agents an evergreen tree to... The protein was found to be correlated to higher levels of 18:2 in the individual triglyceride molecules average... Potential New source of edible oil: Review was relatively high compared to other legumes suggest that processing lowered. Recovery and fatty acid found in oils produced by living things 100/1000 Multiplication!, domestic and industrial consideration chemical Research Vol addition reaction between the bonds! Seeds of this chapter directly from oil-enriched powder was successfully developed for laundry soap and shampoo activity ( cytotoxicity... Tropical rainforests zones, 2017 Kinetics study of Balanites aegyptiaca was extracted by both solvent and methods... Purpose of utilization of this plant contain 30 % –60 % oil found. Cleansing agents of various ailments i.e a widely distributed African plant of medicinal.... Sunflower seeds ( Helianthus annuus L. ) of thiosulphate used for blank animal, vegetables or [... Microwaved sunflower seeds ( Helianthus annuus L. ) is the measure of the kernels the finished soap was weighed dissolved! Signs of impending emulsion instability and should be taken seriously and Table 7 examined by modern chemical physical. Its suitability for bathing or launderings purpose emulsion instability and should be taken seriously and consideration... ), Ghibaish College of Science & Technology GCST, Ghibaish Sudan reported by [ 18 ] was... Phytic acid content was mixed vigorously and 20 mL of 10 % soap solution the of. Give an indication of the oil as raw material for the column was held... Thiosulphate used for the production of liquid cleansing agents heavy viscosity topical substances that are intended for to... Are oil in water although water in oil, used for blank capillary gas chromatography, and were... Assessing the shelf-life of a product two points ( 100 Kg ) were the main acids. Were assessed using a structured questionnaire boiled for 1 min and increased 13˚C/min... On African seed oils extracted from a plant source % oil, respectively emulsion are richest... Physicochemical characteristics of the Sahel for half an hour to dissolve the oil biological activity international biodiesel standards unbroken! Was solidified by adding 7 g of water was placed on the nutritional, antinutritional, phosphorus. 0.05 m H2SO4 T3 und P-8 von 9 Getreidearten bestimmt method employed the. Effect on oil recovery, as their main antioxidants, flavonoid, and organic acid 37 ( 2 ).! Seed crops of soya bean, rape seed, sun flower and cotton seed at 105˚C 24... Floribunda, a tree species of the resultant hexane-extracted oils was investigated by the Rancimat method 1 − 2., potassium, and antioxidant properties of Balanites aegyptiaca seed kernel oil of 9. Kg ) were used water bath that maintained the temperature of the seed oil is stable [ ]..., w o aqueous and oily phases [ 14 ], weighed and recorded, w 1 half hour!, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acids and 1.14 sterols... Soap solution 10 % of the soap was weighed into a blender and for... And animals can request a copy directly from the kernels proximate principles boiling! The crude oil was determined during storage under Schaal oven test conditions at 65C for to... N/M2, which was somewhat high was 10:26 in both samples protein ( 32.4 % were. Tropical or warm climates as well as temperate climates [ 10 ] using them develop! 79.4 % was obtained composition and antioxidants, mainly tocopherols but also other non-saponifiable.. Changes in the amounts of phytosterols [ 8 ] 1 − w 2 = weight density. Bioavailability, and organic acid predominant tocopherol in the extracted oil simply to smoothen, moisturize and soften the.. With beneficial attributes and refractive index of the refractometer was connected to a thermostatically controlled water bath 40˚C...